Palabras clave
affect by a negative externality
Resumen
La Tierra es un bien público afectado por una externalidad negativa, el cambio global. Para combatir este último y hacer frente a los problemas medioambientales, la Economía de la Conducta Sostenible ha desarrollado numerosas herramientas, entre las que destacan los nudges verdes. Su ventaja es su bajo coste comparativo, tanto en términos económicos como políticos.
Un nudge consiste en intervenir deliberadamente en la arquitectura de la elección, pero sin cambiar los incentivos monetarios o las opciones mismas, con el objetivo de desarrollar «políticas sensibles, de bajo coste, con una referencia cercana a cómo los seres humanos piensan y se comportan». Se podría decir que son «recomendaciones» y. en ningún caso, imposiciones.
En este artículo empleo la clasificación de Schubert (2017), dividiéndolos en cuatro grupos: la opción por defecto; los incentivos sociales para actuar verde; aquellos que destacan los costes ambientales; y los dedicados a remover las barreras para actuar de forma sostenible. También se analiza su efectividad, llegando a la conclusión de que, si bien pueden ser efectivos, no son la solución definitiva, debiendo combinarse con otro tipo de acciones como los impuestos, tasas, etc.
Citas
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