Palabras clave
Efecto de Disposición
Efecto de Reflexión
Efecto de Punto de Referencia
Consentimiento Libre e Informado
Resumen
La Aversión Miope a la Pérdida (AMP) es uno de los objetos de estudio de la economía del comportamiento. Corresponde al hecho de que los participantes, frente a situaciones de elección, no pueden evaluar racionalmente los riesgos y beneficios de las opciones disponibles, llevándolos a elegir inversiones con mayor probabilidad de ocurrencia pero menos rentables. Este comportamiento muestra que no pueden evaluar las opciones satisfactoriamente, por lo que toman decisiones subóptimas. Puede haber condiciones para que AMP ocurra más favorablemente, ya que la frecuencia muestra al participante los resultados de sus elecciones (retroalimentación) y la probabilidad de ganar o perder. De esta manera, este estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar cómo la retroalimentación influye en las elecciones de los participantes y la influencia e interacción de la probabilidad de ganar y perder. Este estudio contó con la participación de 80 personas, con edades entre 18 y 30 años, todos estudiantes universitarios, 29 mujeres y 51 hombres, sin vinculación a carreras de negocios ni familiaridad con el área de investigación sobre comportamiento económico. El experimento consistió en hacer nueve elecciones repetidas en un juego de lotería. Los participantes iniciaron el experimento con R$1000 (mil) reais ficticios (moneda brasileña); cada juego de lotería tenía un costo de R$150, y las ganancias devolvían este valor invertido con una adición de más R$150. Los resultados indican que la presencia de feedback induce a los participantes a apostar más. Sin embargo, la probabilidad de ganar y perder no influye en el monto invertido y no hubo interacción entre estos dos factores.
Citas
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